Question 1

Which of the following best describes a karyotype and its most common medical use?

Accepted Answer

A karyotype is an image of a complete set of chromosomes, often used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in cells, such as those from a tumor.

Question 2

After mitosis, how does the chromosome number in daughter cells compare to the parental cell?

Accepted Answer

Daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces haploid gametes, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

Question 4

Which process during meiosis is primarily responsible for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 5

A moss spends most of its life cycle in which cellular state?

Accepted Answer

Haploid (1n)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why offspring from sexual reproduction are genetically unique?

Accepted Answer

Because of crossing over, independent assortment, and random mating.

Question 7

Which of the following definitions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A locus is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 8

If a diploid cell with $$2n = 46$$ chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 9

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variation by producing new combinations of alleles on a single chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with homologous chromosomes paired together and exchanging segments. In which stage of meiosis is this cell most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces offspring genetically identical to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces genetically unique offspring.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about mitosis and meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 14

A cell with $$n = 8$$ undergoes meiosis. How many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment alone (ignoring crossing over)?

Accepted Answer

$$2^8 = 256$

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that contain the same genes at the same loci.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in a genetic disorder detectable by karyotyping?

Accepted Answer

A missing or extra chromosome in a cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids into four haploid cells.

Question 18

If a human egg cell (n = 23) is fertilized by a sperm cell (n = 23), what will be the chromosome number of the resulting zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 46$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the DNA content of daughter cells after mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

After mitosis, daughter cells have the same DNA content as the parent cell; after meiosis, they have half the DNA content.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why independent assortment during meiosis is important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation by producing new combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Study Guide for Bio 101

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