Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a character and a trait in Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

A character is a heritable feature, while a trait is a specific variant of that feature.

Question 2

Why did Mendel choose pea plants as his model organism for studying inheritance?

Accepted Answer

They have a short generation time, produce many offspring, and their mating can be easily controlled.

Question 3

In Mendel’s experiments, what was the result of crossing two true-breeding pea plants, one with purple flowers (PP) and one with white flowers (pp)?

Accepted Answer

All offspring in the F1 generation had purple flowers.

Question 4

What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation when two F1 hybrids (Pp) are crossed, according to Mendel’s findings?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements is NOT part of Mendel’s model of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a heritable character blend together in the offspring.

Question 6

A pea plant with genotype Pp (heterozygous) produces which types of gametes?

Accepted Answer

Half with P and half with p alleles.

Question 7

If a purple-flowered pea plant of unknown genotype is test-crossed with a white-flowered plant, and half the offspring are purple and half are white, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous (Pp)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the molecular basis for the dominance of the purple flower allele in pea plants?

Accepted Answer

The purple allele codes for an enzyme that synthesizes purple pigment, while the white allele does not.

Question 9

What is the genotype ratio among the F2 generation in a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes (Pp × Pp)?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ PP : 2\ Pp : 1\ pp$$

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

It applies to genes located on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome.

Question 11

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes (YyRr × YyRr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the F2 offspring if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 12

Which of the following gamete combinations can be produced by a plant with genotype YyRr, according to the FOIL method?

Accepted Answer

YR, Yr, yR, yr

Question 13

A plant with genotype YyRr is crossed with a plant with genotype yyrr. What proportion of the offspring are expected to have yellow, round seeds? (Assume Y = yellow, y = green, R = round, r = wrinkled)

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 14

Which of the following experimental results would refute the blending theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

The reappearance of the white flower trait in the F2 generation after being absent in F1.

Question 15

If the probability of a sperm carrying allele R is $$1/2$$ and the probability of an egg carrying allele r is $$1/2$$, what is the probability that an offspring will have genotype Rr?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about homozygous and heterozygous genotypes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous individuals have two identical alleles for a gene, while heterozygous individuals have two different alleles.

Question 17

A true-breeding plant with round, yellow seeds (RRYY) is crossed with a true-breeding plant with wrinkled, green seeds (rryy). What is the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

RrYy

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a test cross in genetics?

Accepted Answer

To determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.

Question 19

If a plant with genotype Pp is self-fertilized, what fraction of the offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct application of Mendel’s law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Bio 100 LEC Chapter 14 Module 1

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드