Question 1

Which part of the pea flower is responsible for producing pollen, and why was this important for Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

Anther; because it produces pollen, allowing Mendel to control fertilization

Question 2

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what does the genotype 'Pp' represent?

Accepted Answer

The genotype of the plant

Question 3

If a pea plant with genotype 'Pp' is self-pollinated, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each egg or sperm gets only one allele for each gene

Question 5

A test cross is performed between a pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype and a white-flowered plant. If half the offspring are purple and half are white, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

Pp

Question 6

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (GgPp x GgPp), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 7

Using the multiplication rule, what is the probability of producing an offspring with genotype AaBb from two parents who are both AaBb?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 8

Which inheritance pattern is illustrated when a heterozygous individual expresses both traits distinctly, such as AB blood type?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 9

A Labrador Retriever with genotype eeBb is yellow. What genetic principle explains why the B gene does not affect coat color in this case?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color

Question 11

In a pedigree chart, what do Roman numerals along the side typically represent?

Accepted Answer

The generation number

Question 12

A child is born with type O blood. If one parent is type AB, what is the possible genotype of the other parent?

Accepted Answer

ii

Question 13

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

One gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated traits

Question 14

If a genetic disorder is caused by a recessive lethal allele, what is the expected outcome for individuals who are homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

They will not survive to reproduce

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the effect of environmental influence on phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Hydrangea flower color varies depending on soil pH

Question 16

In the ABO blood type system, why is genotype $$I^A I^B$$ associated with the AB phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Because $$I^A$$ and $$I^B$$ are codominant to each other, so both are expressed

Question 17

A true-breeding tall pea plant (TT) is crossed with a true-breeding short pea plant (tt). What will be the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

Genotype: Tt; Phenotype: all tall

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why inbreeding increases the risk of genetic disorders?

Accepted Answer

It increases homozygosity, raising the chance of inheriting two copies of harmful recessive alleles

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers produces pink flowers

Question 20

If a trait is controlled by multiple genes, each adding a small effect, what is this pattern of inheritance called?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance

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