Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways require energy to build complex molecules, while catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \Delta S$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 4

A reaction has $$\Delta G \u003e 0. $$What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is non-spontaneous and requires energy input.

Question 5

Which organelle is the primary site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 8

Which process occurs in the chloroplasts and is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 10

Which statement about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from glucose to oxygen.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Site of photosynthesis

Question 12

If a cell is placed in a solution and energy is required to move molecules against their concentration gradient, which process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why energy transformations in cells are never 100% efficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat due to the second law of thermodynamics.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between free energy ($$\Delta G$$), enthalpy ($$\Delta H$$), and entropy ($$\Delta S$$)?

Accepted Answer

A reaction with $$\Delta H  0 at $$high temperature will likely be spontaneous ($$\Delta G \u003c 0).$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of substrate specificity in enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are highly specific and only catalyze reactions for particular substrates.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of starch into glucose monomers

Question 17

Which of the following statements about autotrophs is correct?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs produce their own food using solar energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP, NADH, and $$CO_2 as $$products.

Question 19

In a real-world scenario, a person is running a marathon and their muscle cells switch to anaerobic metabolism. Which product is most likely to accumulate in their muscles?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Metabolism, Enzymes, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis: General Biology Study Notes

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