Question 1

Which of the following best describes what occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, requiring ATP and contractile proteins.

Question 2

A researcher observes a cell with 46 chromosomes undergoing division. After the process is complete, two cells are produced, each with 46 chromosomes. Which process did the cell most likely undergo?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 3

Which event is unique to prophase I of meiosis and does NOT occur during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause of this abnormal cell division?

Accepted Answer

Mutations caused by carcinogens or viruses leading to loss of cell cycle control

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that the cell is ready to begin mitosis?

Accepted Answer

End of G2 phase

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly compares the outcomes of mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 7

During oogenesis in females, why does one daughter cell receive most of the cytoplasm during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

To provide the secondary oocyte with sufficient resources for early development if fertilized

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why gametes are haploid after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Because two successive divisions occur without an intervening round of DNA replication

Question 9

A scientist exposes developing embryos to a chemical that disrupts spindle fiber formation. Which phase of mitosis would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

Which of the following environmental factors is most likely to cause abnormal differentiation during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to ionizing radiation

Question 11

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo apoptosis or enter a non-dividing state.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclins in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins activate regulatory proteins to initiate specific events in the cell cycle.

Question 13

A mutation prevents the formation of the contractile ring during cytokinesis. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell will fail to divide its cytoplasm, resulting in one cell with two nuclei.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis produces one large ovum and polar bodies, while spermatogenesis produces four equal sperm.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the importance of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A population of plants shows increased genetic diversity in their offspring.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number in human cells after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 23$$

Question 17

A cell with a diploid number of 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the completion of meiosis II in human females does not occur until after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that only fertilized eggs complete development and receive full cytoplasmic resources.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 20

A developing embryo is exposed to thalidomide during a critical period. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The embryo may develop limb abnormalities or fail to survive.

Mitosis, Meiosis, and Regulation of Cell Division

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