Question 1

Which experiment provided the first evidence that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material responsible for inheritance in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase’s bacteriophage experiment using radioactive labeling

Question 2

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, why was radioactive phosphorus ($$^{32}P) $$used to label viral DNA but not protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus is only found in DNA, not in proteins

Question 3

According to Chargaff’s rules, if a DNA sample contains 24% adenine, what percentage of guanine would you expect?

Accepted Answer

$$26\%$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA as determined by Watson and Crick?

Accepted Answer

A double helix with antiparallel strands

Question 5

What is the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 6

Which enzyme relieves the strain caused by supercoiling ahead of the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 7

During DNA replication, why is the lagging strand synthesized discontinuously?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 8

Which of the following is a direct product of the condensation reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase during DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Pyrophosphate ($$PP_i)$$

Question 9

A mutation in the gene encoding single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) would most likely result in which of the following problems during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Reannealing of separated DNA strands

Question 10

Which of the following statements about telomeres is correct?

Accepted Answer

They protect genes near the ends of chromosomes from shortening during replication

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for removing RNA primers and replacing them with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase I

Question 12

A scientist is using PCR to amplify a gene. Which of the following components is NOT required for the reaction?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why DNA replication is described as ‘semiconservative’?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental and one new strand

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of defective nucleotide excision repair in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of skin cancer due to UV-induced DNA damage

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It can initiate DNA synthesis without a primer

Question 16

A patient’s cells are found to have abnormally short telomeres and stop dividing prematurely. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this patient’s germ cells?

Accepted Answer

Telomerase

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the directionality of the two DNA strands in a double helix?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5’ to 3’ and the other runs 3’ to 5’

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme primase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes short RNA primers complementary to the DNA template

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple origins of replication?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and large, requiring multiple starting points for efficient replication

Question 20

A forensic scientist uses gel electrophoresis to analyze DNA samples from a crime scene. Which property of DNA allows this technique to separate DNA fragments by size?

Accepted Answer

DNA is negatively charged and migrates toward the anode

Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA Structure, Replication, and Technology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드