Q: If a DNA strand has the sequence $$5'\text{-}ATCGGTA\text{-}3'$$, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?

$$3'\text{-}TAGCCAT\text{-}5'$$

Question 1

A scientist analyzes a DNA sample and finds that 30% of the nucleotides are adenine. According to Chargaff’s rule, what percentage of the nucleotides in this DNA sample are guanine?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One DNA strand runs from $$5' to$$ $$3'$$, while the complementary strand runs from $$3' to$$ $$5'.$$

Question 3

During DNA replication, which enzyme is primarily responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing daughter strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 5

A mutation changes a codon from $$UUA to$$ $$UUG. $$Both codons code for leucine. What property of the genetic code does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Redundancy

Question 6

Which site on the ribosome does the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA first bind during translation elongation?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 7

If a DNA strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-}ATCGGTA	ext{-}3'$$, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TAGCCAT	ext{-}5'$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 9

During transcription in eukaryotic cells, where does the process occur?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 10

Which carbon of the deoxyribose sugar is attached to the phosphate group in a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

$$5'$$ carbon

Question 11

A tRNA molecule has an anticodon sequence $$5'	ext{-}GAA	ext{-}3'. $$Which mRNA codon will it recognize during translation?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}UUC	ext{-}3'$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the P site on the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the $$3'$$ end of a growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

The $$3'$$ hydroxyl group is required for the formation of a phosphodiester bond.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA contain phosphate groups.

Question 15

Which phase of translation involves the ribosome moving along the mRNA and the growing polypeptide chain being synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Elongation

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a mutation that affects the hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases in DNA. Which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the universality of the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most organisms use the same codons to specify the same amino acids.

Question 18

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments. What are these fragments called?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the origin of replication in DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is the specific sequence where DNA replication begins.

Question 20

A researcher is studying a molecule with a cloverleaf structure, an anticodon site, and an amino acid binding site. Which molecule is being described?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Molecular Biology of the Gene: DNA Structure, Replication, and Gene Expression

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