Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular functions by releasing a phosphate group during hydrolysis.

Question 2

A molecule that is soluble in water is most likely to have which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 3

During the synthesis of a biological macromolecule, which of the following is most likely to increase in concentration?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct empirical formula for a monosaccharide such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 5

Which type of covalent bond joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 6

Which polysaccharide is used by animals for short-term energy storage?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 7

Why can't humans digest cellulose, even though it is made of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to break the specific glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 9

Which statement best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid chains are straight and can pack closely together.

Question 10

Trans fats are considered unhealthy because:

Accepted Answer

They are artificially produced and associated with poor cardiovascular health.

Question 11

Which of the following is a defining feature of phospholipids that allows them to form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 12

Which lipid is a precursor for steroid hormones such as estrogen and testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 13

Proteins are polymers made from which type of monomer?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 14

Which level of protein structure is most immediately encoded by the sequence of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 15

What happens to most proteins when exposed to extreme heat or acidic pH?

Accepted Answer

They lose their shape and function.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 17

Nucleic acids are polymers made up of which monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Question 18

Which of the following correctly pairs the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with Thymine; Cytosine pairs with Guanine

Question 19

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil.

Question 20

A single-stranded piece of nucleic acid found in a cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

RNA

UNIT 1: Molecules of Life: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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