Question 1

Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation, and what is its most likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of nucleotides that changes the reading frame, often resulting in a nonfunctional protein.

Question 2

Given the following DNA sequence: $$5'	ext{-}ATG\,GCC\,TGA\,CCT\,TAA	ext{-}3' ($$where TGA is a stop codon), what would be the effect of deleting the first 'G' in 'GCC'?

Accepted Answer

It would cause a frameshift mutation, likely resulting in a completely different and nonfunctional protein.

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation changes a codon from AAA (lysine) to GAA (glutamic acid), resulting in a different amino acid.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why some mutations have no effect on phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutations do not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of Darwin’s observations that led to his theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

All individuals in a population survive and reproduce equally.

Question 6

Which of the following provides molecular evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

The presence of homologous DNA sequences in different species.

Question 7

A population of beetles is drastically reduced in number by a flood, and the survivors have different allele frequencies than the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The bottleneck effect, a type of genetic drift

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms increases genetic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 9

Which pattern of natural selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 10

A population of birds migrates to a new island, and over generations, their gene pool changes due to the introduction of new alleles from mainland birds. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 11

Which of the following best defines microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies within a population over generations.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

Human birth weights are most common in the intermediate range, with very low and very high weights selected against.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a nonsense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A codon change from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop), resulting in early termination of translation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a population, gene pool, and microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A population is a group of individuals of the same species; their collective alleles make up the gene pool, and microevolution is the change in allele frequencies within this gene pool over time.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a source of evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

Direct observation of analogous structures only

Question 17

A population of rabbits is exposed to a new predator. Over several generations, the average running speed of the rabbits increases. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of lizards colonizes a new island, and their descendants have different allele frequencies than the original population.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of non-random mating?

Accepted Answer

Peacocks with larger tails are more likely to attract mates and reproduce.

Mutations, Molecular Biology of the Gene, and Evolution by Natural Selection

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