Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Pairs of alleles segregate during gamete formation, and the fusion of gametes at fertilization creates allele pairs again.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp ($$where $$P is $$purple and $$p is $$white) is self-fertilized. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$ purple : $$1$$ white

Question 3

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals with genotype $$RrYy$$, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with the genotype $$rryy$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 4

A man with type AB blood and a woman with type O blood have a child. What are the possible blood types for their child?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type B

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons producing pink flowers

Question 6

A woman who is a carrier for red-green colorblindness (X$$^NX$^n) $$has children with a man who has normal vision (X$$^NY). $$What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not follow Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Question 8

A couple, both carriers for cystic fibrosis (an autosomal recessive disorder), have a child. What is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease causing multiple symptoms such as anemia, pain, and organ damage

Question 10

If a genetic disorder is caused by a dominant allele, what is the probability that a child will inherit the disorder if one parent is heterozygous for the disorder and the other is homozygous normal?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about polygenic inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results from the additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.

Question 12

A testcross is performed between a black Labrador retriever of unknown genotype and a chocolate Labrador (bb). If all offspring are black, what is the genotype of the black parent?

Accepted Answer

BB

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located at specific loci on chromosomes, and the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns.

Question 14

A woman with genotype IAi and a man with genotype IBi have children. What is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of epigenetic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Chemical modifications to DNA or histone proteins that affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence

Question 16

A woman with normal vision (X$$^NX$^N) $$and a man who is colorblind (X$$^nY) $$have a daughter. What is the probability that the daughter will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why dominant alleles that cause lethal disorders are less common than lethal recessive alleles?

Accepted Answer

Dominant lethal alleles are expressed in heterozygotes and often eliminate individuals before they can reproduce.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a trait controlled by a single gene with simple Mendelian inheritance in humans?

Accepted Answer

Widow’s peak hairline

Question 19

If a person with achondroplasia (Dd) has children with a person of normal stature (dd), what is the probability that their child will have achondroplasia?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote, as seen in type AB blood.

Patterns of Inheritance: Mendelian Genetics and Beyond

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