Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a character and a trait in genetics?

Accepted Answer

A trait is a specific variant of a character, while a character is a general category.

Question 2

In Mendel's experiments, what was the genotype of the F1 generation when he crossed true-breeding purple-flowered plants with true-breeding white-flowered plants?

Accepted Answer

All F1 plants were heterozygous ($$Pp).$$

Question 3

A testcross is performed to determine the genotype of a pea plant with dominant phenotype. Which of the following best describes the purpose and method of a testcross?

Accepted Answer

To determine the genotype of the plant by crossing it with a homozygous recessive plant.

Question 4

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$), what is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1:2:1 ($$AA:Aa:aa)$$

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a single gene separate so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 6

A dihybrid cross is performed between two individuals heterozygous for both genes ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb). $$According to the law of independent assortment, what is the expected phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 7

A pedigree shows a trait appearing in every generation and affecting both males and females equally. Which mode of inheritance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink flowers.

Question 9

In humans, blood type is determined by multiple alleles ($$IA$$, $$IB$$, $$i). $$Which genotype results in blood type AB?

Accepted Answer

$$IAIB$$

Question 10

A man with genotype $$X^AY$$ and a woman with genotype $$X^AX^a$$ have a child. What is the probability that their child will be a carrier for an X-linked recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 11

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple traits.

Question 12

Which procedure allows prospective parents to determine the genetic health of their baby before birth?

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis

Question 13

If two parents with genotypes $$AaBb$$ and $$aabb$$ produce offspring, what is the probability that an offspring will have genotype $$Aabb$$?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color

Question 15

Linked genes are most likely to be inherited together because:

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome.

Question 16

A couple has a child with cystic fibrosis, a recessive disorder. Neither parent has the disease. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both are heterozygous carriers ($$Ff)$$

Question 17

In a Punnett Square for a monohybrid cross, what do the boxes represent?

Accepted Answer

Possible genotypes of offspring

Question 18

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

Question 19

A pedigree shows a trait that skips generations and is more common in males. Which mode of inheritance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 20

If a gene locus is located on chromosome 7, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The gene is found at a specific location on chromosome 7.

Patterns of Inheritance: Mendelian Genetics and Beyond (Chapter 9 Study Guide)

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