Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a haploid structure in plants?

Accepted Answer

An angiosperm leaf

Question 2

In gravitropism, what is the role of the statolith in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

To sink to indicate gravity

Question 3

Which statement about moss sperm is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

They are the direct products of meiosis

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the adaptive nature of heterospory in plants?

Accepted Answer

All of the above are true

Question 5

Where is the sporophyte located in a liverwort?

Accepted Answer

It grows underneath the gametophyte

Question 6

A population of 14 individuals has 3 with genotype aa. What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{14}$$

Question 7

If $$q^2 = 0.2$, what is the value of q$?

Accepted Answer

$$q = 0.45$$

Question 8

Given $$q = 0.45$$, what is the frequency of the dominant allele ($$p) in $$the population?

Accepted Answer

$$p = 0.55$$

Question 9

Using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which formula gives the expected frequency of heterozygotes in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq$$

Question 10

Which condition is NOT required for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 11

A population of mice living on dark rocks experiences directional selection. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Light-colored mice are selected against

Question 12

Which type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a trait distribution?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

Microevolution involves changes within a species; macroevolution involves the formation of new species

Question 14

In speciation, what does reproductive isolation mean?

Accepted Answer

Populations cannot mate and produce fertile offspring

Question 15

Which scenario describes allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A physical barrier separates a population, leading to speciation

Question 16

If a population is NOT in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequencies are changing due to evolutionary forces

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct consequence of gene flow between populations?

Accepted Answer

Populations become more genetically similar

Question 18

A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. Why is a mule considered evidence for reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

Mules are sterile and cannot produce offspring

Question 19

Which of the following evolutionary mechanisms is most likely to cause rapid changes in allele frequencies in a small population?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 20

If $$p = 0.6$$ and $$q = 0.4 in a $$population, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2(0.6)(0.4) = 0.48$$

Plant Evolution and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: Study Notes

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