Question 1

A population of butterflies has two alleles for wing color: B (blue) and b (brown). In a population of 1,000 butterflies, 360 are blue (BB), 480 are heterozygous (Bb), and 160 are brown (bb). Using the Hardy-Weinberg principle, what is the frequency of the b allele in this population?

Accepted Answer

$$0.60$$

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Mating is nonrandom

Question 3

A small group of lizards is separated from the main population by a river and starts a new colony. Over generations, the new colony shows different allele frequencies than the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Founder effect

Question 4

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotype frequencies in a population with two alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to random events

Question 6

A population of plants experiences a wildfire that drastically reduces its size. The surviving plants have a different genetic makeup than the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

Birds with intermediate-sized wings survive better than those with very short or very long wings

Question 8

How does gene flow affect genetic variation within a population?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation by introducing new alleles

Question 9

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of rabbits where both very small and very large individuals survive better than medium-sized ones

Question 10

In a population, the frequency of allele A is $$0.7$$ and the frequency of allele a is $$0.3. $$According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes (Aa)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a likely consequence of inbreeding in a small population?

Accepted Answer

Increased frequency of homozygous genotypes

Question 12

Which mechanism of evolution is most likely to introduce entirely new alleles into a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 13

A population of beetles is exposed to a new pesticide. Over several generations, only beetles with a rare allele survive and reproduce. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 14

Which of the following best describes balancing selection?

Accepted Answer

Selection that maintains two or more alleles in a population

Question 15

Which of the following statements about gene flow and genetic drift is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow increases genetic similarity between populations, while genetic drift increases differences

Question 16

A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele A is $$0.8$$, what is the expected frequency of genotype aa?

Accepted Answer

$$0.16$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of nonrandom mating?

Accepted Answer

Individuals preferentially mate with others that have similar phenotypes

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the gene pool of a population?

Accepted Answer

All the alleles present in all individuals of a population

Question 19

Which of the following is a potential effect of mutation on fitness?

Accepted Answer

It can increase, decrease, or have no effect on fitness

Question 20

In a population of frogs, a new allele arises due to mutation. Over time, this allele spreads to a neighboring population through migration. Which two evolutionary mechanisms are illustrated in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Mutation and gene flow

Population Genetics and Evolution: Hardy-Weinberg Principle and Mechanisms of Evolution

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