Q: In a population of 1000 individuals, 360 are homozygous dominant ($$AA$$), 480 are heterozygous ($$Aa$$), and 160 are homozygous recessive ($$aa). $$What is the frequency of allele $$A$$?

$$p = \frac{(2 \times 360) + 480}{2 \times 1000} = 0.6$$

Q: A population of 500 individuals has 200 $$AA$$, 250 $$Aa$$, and 50 $$aa. $$Calculate the allele frequency of $$a.$$

$$q = \frac{(2 \times 50) + 250}{2 \times 500} = 0.35$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is actively favoring certain alleles

Question 2

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what does this indicate about allele frequencies from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

Allele frequencies will remain constant

Question 3

Given a population where the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$p = 0.7$$ and allele $$a is$$ $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.42$$

Question 4

Which scenario would most likely disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population?

Accepted Answer

A population experiencing gene flow from another population

Question 5

In a population of 1000 individuals, 360 are homozygous dominant ($$AA$$), 480 are heterozygous ($$Aa$$), and 160 are homozygous recessive ($$aa). $$What is the frequency of allele $$A$$?

Accepted Answer

$$p = \frac{(2 	imes 360) + 480}{2 	imes 1000} = 0.6$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to random chance, especially in small populations

Question 7

A population of flowers has two alleles for color: $$B ($$blue) and $$b ($$white). If the frequency of $$B is$$ $$0.4$$, what is the expected frequency of white flowers ($$bb) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2$$ = $$(0.6)^2 = 0.36$

Question 8

Which of the following is a real-world example of a population not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to non-random mating?

Accepted Answer

A population of birds where individuals only mate with those of similar size

Question 9

If the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$0.8$$ and allele $$a is$$ $$0.2$$, what is the expected proportion of homozygous recessive individuals ($$aa) in $$the next generation under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2$$ = $$(0.2)^2 = 0.04$

Question 10

Which of the following would increase the frequency of homozygous genotypes in a population?

Accepted Answer

Inbreeding

Question 11

A population of 500 individuals has 200 $$AA$$, 250 $$Aa$$, and 50 $$aa. $$Calculate the allele frequency of $$a.$$

Accepted Answer

$$q = \frac{(2 	imes 50) + 250}{2 	imes 500} = 0.35$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of inbreeding in a population?

Accepted Answer

Increase in genetic diversity

Question 13

Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 14

A population is found to have more heterozygotes than expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Which process could explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

Assortative mating for different phenotypes

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals colonizes a new island, resulting in different allele frequencies than the original population

Question 16

If a population violates the assumption of no mutation, what is the likely effect on allele frequencies?

Accepted Answer

New alleles may be introduced, changing allele frequencies over time

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of genetic bottleneck?

Accepted Answer

A reduction in genetic diversity due to a drastic decrease in population size

Question 18

In a population, the frequency of allele $$A is$$ $$0.5$$ and allele $$a is$$ $$0.5. $$What is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.5 	imes 0.5 = 0.5$$

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT cause a population to deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Random mating

Population Genetics and Evolutionary Processes: Hardy-Weinberg Principle, Gene Pool, and Inbreeding

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