Q: In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele S is $$p = 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes (SA)?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between Darwin's theory of natural selection and Mendel's work on genetics?

Accepted Answer

Mendel's work provided the mechanism of inheritance that Darwin's theory of natural selection required.

Question 2

A population of beetles has two alleles at a locus: S and A. If the frequency of genotype SS is 81%, SA is 18%, and AA is 1%, what is the frequency of the S allele? Use the Hardy-Weinberg principle.

Accepted Answer

$$p = 0.90$$

Question 3

Which condition is NOT required for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 4

Phenotypic plasticity in plants refers to:

Accepted Answer

The ability of a plant to change its trait expression in response to environmental conditions.

Question 5

If $$p is $$the frequency of allele S and $$q is $$the frequency of allele A in a population, which equation correctly represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotype frequencies?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 6

Which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population?

Accepted Answer

A small, isolated population experiencing genetic drift.

Question 7

Why did Darwin's theory of natural selection require a mechanism of inheritance to be fully understood?

Accepted Answer

Because inheritance explains how advantageous traits are passed to offspring.

Question 8

In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of allele S is $$p = 0.7$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes (SA)?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 9

Which statement best explains the concept of adaptation as proposed by Darwin?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation is the evolutionary process resulting in improved ability of a population to live in a particular environment.

Question 10

A population of sticky cinquefoil (Potentilla glandulosa) shows different growth forms at different elevations. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Phenotypic plasticity

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct result of random mating in a population?

Accepted Answer

Genotype frequencies can be predicted using the Hardy-Weinberg equation.

Question 12

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following could be a possible cause?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating

Question 13

Which equation represents the sum of allele frequencies at a locus with two alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$p + q = 1$$

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of insects develops resistance to a pesticide over several generations.

Question 15

Gregor Mendel's experiments with garden peas demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Characteristics are inherited in discrete units called genes.

Question 16

Which evolutionary force is most likely to cause random changes in allele frequencies in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 17

In a population, the frequency of allele S is $$p = 0.6$$ and allele A is $$q = 0.4. $$What is the expected frequency of genotype AA under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$q^2 = 0.16$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of mutations in population genetics?

Accepted Answer

Mutations introduce new alleles into a population, increasing genetic variation.

Question 19

A population of beetles is found to have three color patterns, each determined by different alleles. Which method would best allow researchers to determine the number of alleles present?

Accepted Answer

Observing the phenotypes and inferring genotypes.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Controlled mating (non-random mating)

Population Genetics and Natural Selection: Key Concepts and Models

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