Question 1

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

Acquisition of new traits during an individual's lifetime.

Question 3

A population of moths lives in a forest where tree trunks are light-colored. After pollution darkens the trunks, the frequency of dark-colored moths increases. Which agent of evolutionary change is primarily responsible for this shift?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 4

Which of the following statements about evolution is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is measured as changes in proportions of heritable variations in a population over generations.

Question 5

Which type of evidence for evolution is demonstrated by the presence of identical or nearly identical enzymes in all organisms?

Accepted Answer

Biochemical evidence

Question 6

A population of 1,000 individuals has two alleles for a gene: A and a. If the frequency of allele A is $$p = 0.7$$ and allele a is $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($$Aa) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.42$$

Question 7

Which agent of evolutionary change is most likely to increase genetic diversity within a population by introducing new alleles from another population?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 8

In a population of plants, a mutation occurs that allows some individuals to survive drought conditions. Over several generations, the frequency of this mutation increases. Which process best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A small group of birds is blown by a storm to a new island, and their allele frequencies differ from the original population.

Question 10

Which statement about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations are random, permanent genetic changes and are the source of genetic diversity.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates biogeographic evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

The distribution of unique species in different geographic regions due to barriers preventing migration.

Question 12

A population of 500 individuals has the following genotype frequencies: $$AA = 0.36$$, $$Aa = 0.48$$, $$aa = 0.16. $$What are the allele frequencies of $$A$$ and $$a$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 0.60$$, a = 0.40$

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the evolution of drug-resistant HIV in patients treated with anti-HIV drugs?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

Acquired characteristics during an individual's lifetime

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a gene pool?

Accepted Answer

The sum total of all alleles of all genes in a population.

Question 16

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$, what does 2pq$ represent?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of heterozygous individuals.

Question 17

Which scenario is an example of nonrandom mating?

Accepted Answer

Individuals in a population mate with others that have similar phenotypes.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about adaptation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation increases the fitness of organisms to their specific environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of differential reproductive success?

Accepted Answer

Better adapted individuals survive and produce more offspring.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why individuals do not evolve, but populations do?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is the change in allele frequencies within a population over generations, not within an individual's lifetime.

Population Genetics and Natural Selection: Study Notes

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