Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells possess one.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microorganism living on spent nuclear fuel rods. Which of the following best explains why this organism is likely a prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes can inhabit extreme environments that are inhospitable to most eukaryotes.

Question 3

Which structure is present in all prokaryotic cells and is responsible for protecting the cell from harsh environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 4

Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria differ primarily in which structural feature?

Accepted Answer

Thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of binary fission in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 6

A patient is infected with a bacterium that can survive both in the presence and absence of oxygen. Which metabolic classification best describes this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobe

Question 7

Which of the following equations represents the process of nitrogen fixation performed by some prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$N_2 + 8H^+ + 8e$$^- \rightarrow 2NH_3 + $$H_2$$

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of metabolic cooperation among prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Anabaena forming filaments with specialized cells for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation

Question 9

Biofilms are problematic in medical and industrial settings because:

Accepted Answer

They are surface-coating colonies that can resist antibiotics and cause equipment degradation.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are often more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane that restricts entry of certain antibiotics.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of genetic recombination in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 12

A researcher is studying a prokaryote that can use light for energy but requires organic compounds as a carbon source. What is the metabolic classification of this organism?

Accepted Answer

Photoheterotroph

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary relationship between Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Archaea are more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct taxonomic hierarchy from most specific to most general?

Accepted Answer

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship involving prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the human gut aiding in digestion

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A toxic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria released when the bacteria die

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in modern medicine?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes can rapidly evolve and share resistance genes, making infections harder to treat.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas9 systems?

Accepted Answer

Genome editing in plants, animals, and humans

Question 19

A patient develops a severe infection after surgery. The bacteria isolated from the wound are found to form a thick, slimy layer on the surface of the implanted device. Which property of prokaryotes is most likely responsible for the persistence of this infection?

Accepted Answer

Biofilm formation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of prokaryotes in the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

They convert atmospheric $$N_2$$ into ammonia ($$NH_3) $$through nitrogen fixation.

Prokaryotes: Structure, Diversity, and Role in the Biosphere

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