Q: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information in a cell?

$$\text{DNA} \to \text{RNA} \to \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following biological processes directly involves proteins?

Accepted Answer

All of the above.

Question 2

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} 	o 	ext{RNA} 	o 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 3

Proteins are polymers of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 4

What two functional groups are present on every amino acid?

Accepted Answer

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Question 5

You discover a new amino acid. Its R-group contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms. How would you describe this amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar

Question 6

Which chemical groups would you expect to participate in hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Amino ($$-\mathrm{NH}_2) $$and hydroxyl ($$-\mathrm{OH}) $$groups

Question 7

A peptide bond forms between which two groups of adjacent amino acids?

Accepted Answer

The carboxyl group of one and the amino group of the next

Question 8

If you are asked to synthesize a peptide that is three amino acids long, and you forgot the sequence, how many different peptides would you need to make to ensure you have the correct one? (Assume 20 different amino acids are available and sequence matters.)

Accepted Answer

$$20^3 = 8000$

Question 9

By convention, in which direction do biologists write the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

From the amino-terminus to the carboxy-terminus

Question 10

Which type(s) of interaction mediate protein secondary structure?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between protein secondary and tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms; tertiary structure involves interactions among side chains.

Question 12

If all hydrogen bonds in a protein are disrupted, which level of structure will be preserved?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

A single change in the amino acid sequence of hemoglobin can result in sickle cell disease. What does this illustrate about protein structure and function?

Accepted Answer

A change in primary structure can sometimes alter tertiary structure and biological activity.

Question 14

Which feature of protein structure is most directly responsible for the specificity of enzyme catalysis?

Accepted Answer

The specific geometry and types of amino acids in the active site

Question 15

How would you characterize the amino acids glutamate and valine?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is acidic, and valine is nonpolar.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why proteins can perform such a wide variety of functions in cells?

Accepted Answer

The diversity of amino acid side chains allows for a wide range of structures and chemical properties.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein's function being altered by a change in its environment?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation of egg white proteins when heated during cooking

Question 18

Which of the following statements about peptide bond formation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a condensation reaction, releasing water as a byproduct.

Question 19

Which of the following interactions is NOT typically involved in stabilizing protein tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Protein Structure and Function: Study Notes (Chapter 3)

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드