뒤로Scientific Method and Experimental Design in Biology
스터디 가이드 - 스마트 노트
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Q1. In order for a hypothesis to be used in science, which of the following must be true?
Background
Topic: Scientific Method – Hypotheses
This question tests your understanding of what makes a hypothesis scientifically valid and useful in biological research.
Key Terms:
Hypothesis: A proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested through experimentation or observation.
Testable: The hypothesis can be evaluated by experiments or observations.
Falsifiable: There must be a possible outcome that could show the hypothesis is incorrect.
Step-by-Step Guidance
Consider what makes a statement scientific: it must be possible to design an experiment or observation that could support or refute it.
Think about why "proven correct" or "popularly accepted" are not requirements for a scientific hypothesis.
Recall that reproducibility is important for experiments, but a hypothesis itself must be structured so it can be tested and potentially shown to be false.
Identify which option best matches the requirement that a hypothesis must be open to being disproven by evidence.
Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!
Final Answer: It must be testifiable and falsifiable.
A scientific hypothesis must be structured so that it can be tested by experiments or observations, and there must be a possibility that evidence could show it is incorrect. This is what makes it scientifically useful.
Q2. In a scientific study, the subjects in the experimental and control groups ideally differ only in the variable of interest. Why is this important?
Background
Topic: Experimental Design – Control and Experimental Groups
This question is about understanding how to properly set up an experiment to test a hypothesis in biology.
Key Terms:
Experimental Group: The group that receives the treatment or variable being tested.
Control Group: The group that does not receive the treatment; used as a baseline for comparison.
Variable of Interest: The specific factor being tested in the experiment.
Step-by-Step Guidance
Recall the purpose of having both experimental and control groups in a scientific study.
Think about why it is important that the groups are as similar as possible except for the variable being tested.
Consider what could happen if the groups differed in other ways (such as size, color, or other characteristics).
Identify which answer choice best ensures that any observed effect is due to the variable of interest and not other factors.
Try solving on your own before revealing the answer!
Final Answer: Ideally differ only in the variable of interest.
This ensures that any differences in results between the groups can be attributed to the variable being tested, making the experiment valid and the conclusions reliable.
