$$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number}$$

Question 1

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical identity of an element, and how is this reflected in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Protons; reflected by the atomic number

Question 2

A neutral atom of carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14. How many neutrons does it contain?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions

Question 4

Water is considered a polar molecule. Which property of water is a direct result of its polarity?

Accepted Answer

Its high surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 5

Which equation correctly expresses the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log[H^+]$$

Question 6

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 7

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 8

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 9

If you dissolve 180 grams of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 1 liter of solution, what is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

1 M

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) forms a cation and chlorine (Cl) forms an anion in the formation of NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains one

Question 11

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

A nonpolar hydrocarbon chain

Question 12

What is the molecular weight of water ($$H_2O) $$given the atomic weights: H = 1.008, O = 16.00?

Accepted Answer

18.016

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the electron configuration of neon (Ne), atomic number 10?

Accepted Answer

It has a full first shell and a full second shell

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally due to differences in electronegativity

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the number of neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 17

Which property of water allows it to stabilize ions in solution, such as Na+ and Cl-?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydration shells due to polarity

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction involving the transfer of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms between reactants

Question 19

How many molecules are present in 1 mole of any substance?

Accepted Answer

$$6.022 	imes 10$$^{23}$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids donate hydrogen ions and bases accept them

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life: Study Notes

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