Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sandy soils are often less fertile than loamy soils?

Accepted Answer

Sandy soils retain water and nutrients poorly due to large particle size and low surface area.

Question 2

A plant is showing symptoms of yellowing leaves starting from the older leaves and progressing to the younger ones. Which nutrient is most likely deficient, and why?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen, because it is a mobile nutrient and deficiency symptoms appear in older leaves first.

Question 3

Which process allows plant roots to absorb essential cations such as $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ and $$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}$$ from soil particles?

Accepted Answer

Cation exchange, where roots release $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions to displace cations from soil particles.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of mycorrhizae in plant nutrition?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption by forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots.

Question 5

A farmer notices that his legume crop is growing well without added nitrogen fertilizer. Which symbiotic relationship is most likely responsible for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria, which fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 6

Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for promoting cell elongation and is involved in phototropism?

Accepted Answer

Auxin

Question 7

A plant bends toward a light source. Which sequence best describes the signal transduction pathway involved in this response?

Accepted Answer

Reception of light by photoreceptors, transduction via secondary messengers, response by differential cell elongation.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about phytochrome and its role in photoperiodism?

Accepted Answer

Phytochrome switches between Pr and Pfr forms, allowing plants to measure day length and regulate flowering.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes thigmomorphogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A plant's growth response to mechanical stimulation, such as touch or wind.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an inducible plant defense?

Accepted Answer

Production of toxic chemicals only after herbivore attack.

Question 11

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all land plants but not by green algae?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations with multicellular, dependent embryos.

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches a plant group with its dominant generation?

Accepted Answer

Mosses – gametophyte

Question 13

What is the main advantage of seeds over spores in plant reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Seeds contain a protective coat and stored food, allowing for greater survival and dispersal.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes double fertilization in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

One sperm fertilizes the egg, and another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a difference between monocots and dicots?

Accepted Answer

Monocots have two cotyledons; dicots have one cotyledon.

Question 16

Which structure in the moss life cycle produces sperm?

Accepted Answer

Antheridium

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the pollen tube in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

It delivers sperm cells from the pollen grain to the egg cell for fertilization.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a gymnosperm phylum and a characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Ginkgophyta – has fan-shaped leaves and is dioecious

Question 19

A plant growing in a nutrient-poor, acidic bog has modified leaves that trap and digest insects. This plant is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

A carnivorous plant

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why plants recruit predators and parasites of herbivores?

Accepted Answer

To reduce herbivore damage by attracting organisms that attack the herbivores.

Step-by-Step Study Guidance for Plant Biology Exam Objectives

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