Question 1

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for stabilizing the secondary structure (such as α-helix and β-pleated sheet) of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 2

A mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch has α-glycosidic linkages, while cellulose has β-glycosidic linkages.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct chemical formula for a monosaccharide such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which disaccharide is the patient unable to digest?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 6

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of chaperone proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

They help newly synthesized proteins fold properly into their functional shapes.

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the polymer with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Starch – glucose

Question 9

Which of the following is a major difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain cis double bonds that introduce kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 11

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure when exposed to high temperature. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 13

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following correctly describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of multiple polypeptide subunits.

Question 15

Which of the following molecules is characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 17

A dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides results in the formation of:

Accepted Answer

A glycosidic bond

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are good energy storage molecules?

Accepted Answer

They contain many C-H bonds, which are high in potential energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of a phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face the aqueous environment, while hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 20

A scientist isolates a molecule with the formula $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$. Which type of carbohydrate is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: Proteins

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