Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single subunit that can join with others to form a polymer, which is a chain of repeating subunits.

Question 2

Which biological molecule is NOT considered a polymer or macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 3

What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting hereditary information

Question 4

Which process is responsible for copying genetic information from DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 5

A scientist extracts DNA from a human cell and stretches it end to end. Approximately how long would the DNA from a single cell be?

Accepted Answer

About 2 meters

Question 6

Which of the following viruses uses RNA to store and transmit genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Influenza

Question 7

Which equation best represents the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{DNA} \rightarrow \mathrm{DNA} + \mathrm{DNA}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{DNA} \rightarrow \mathrm{RNA} \rightarrow \mathrm{Protein}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of fats in animals?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing metabolic reactions

Question 10

Why do seeds of plants contain high amounts of fat?

Accepted Answer

To provide high-density energy reserves for germination

Question 11

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds in their fatty acid chains.

Question 12

Which structural feature distinguishes steroids from other lipids?

Accepted Answer

Characteristic four-ring carbon skeleton

Question 13

What is the main structural difference between phospholipids and triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids contain a phosphate group, while triglycerides do not.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why lipids are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They consist mostly of hydrocarbon regions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct real-world application of the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in DNA can lead to a change in the protein produced, potentially causing disease.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for the energy yield comparison between fat and starch?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ kg fat} \u003e 2 	imes 1 	ext{ kg starch}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression is the process by which information from DNA is used to synthesize proteins via RNA.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a main type of lipid found in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a steroid that helps form cell membranes and produce hormones.

Structures and Functions of Biological Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids and Lipids

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