$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution (L)}}$$

Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 2

If an atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, what is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 3

Which electron has higher energy: one in the third electron shell or one in the first electron shell of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron in the third shell

Question 4

Which type of molecular bond involves electrons being shared equally between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 5

Water molecules are polar because:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom on another molecule

Question 7

What is meant by chemical equilibrium in a reaction?

Accepted Answer

The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction

Question 8

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it a 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Why does ice float on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice that is less dense than liquid water

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break

Question 11

A buffer is important in biological systems because it:

Accepted Answer

Maintains a stable pH by neutralizing acids and bases

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{volume of solution (L)}}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 14

If a solution contains $$0.5$$ moles of NaCl dissolved in $$1$$ liter of water, what is its molarity?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5 M$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of structure in the function of a protein molecule?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines the protein's ability to catalyze specific reactions

Question 16

In the context of ocean acidification, what is the main effect of rising carbon dioxide levels on ocean chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in ocean pH

Question 17

Which of the following is a dependent variable in an experiment testing the effect of carbon dioxide on ocean acidity?

Accepted Answer

pH of the ocean water

Question 18

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to transport nutrients and waste in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Polarity and ability to dissolve many substances

Question 19

Which of the following statements about chemical reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Products and reactants are interconverted at equal rates at equilibrium

Question 20

A calorie is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of $$1$$ gram of water by $$1$$ degree Celsius

Study Guide: Basic Chemistry and Water in Biology

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