Question 1

Which of the following best describes an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

A compound that contains carbon atoms covalently bonded to other elements, typically hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.

Question 2

Carbon has a valence of 4. What does this mean in terms of its bonding behavior?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four single covalent bonds, allowing it to act as an intersection point for complex molecules.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrocarbons are non-polar because the electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is small.

Question 4

Which of the following best compares straight, branched, and ringed carbon chains?

Accepted Answer

Straight chains have carbons in a line, branched chains have side groups, and ringed chains form closed loops.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of isomer?

Accepted Answer

Isotopic isomer

Question 6

A molecule contains a $$-COOH$$ group. Which functional group is this, and what property does it confer?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group; acts as an acid

Question 7

Which functional group is most likely to make a molecule basic and able to accept a proton ($$H^+$$)?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 8

Which of the following functional groups is non-polar and often found in hydrophobic regions of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-CH_3$)

Question 9

A molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ can exist as both glucose and fructose. What type of isomerism does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomerism

Question 10

Which functional group is commonly found in ATP and is critical for energy transfer in cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$^{2-})$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why carbon can form such a diversity of stable, complex molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon's four valence electrons allow it to form up to four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms.

Question 12

Which functional group is most likely to be found in sugars and is polar due to its electronegative oxygen atom?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 13

A pharmaceutical company is testing two drugs that are mirror images of each other. Which type of isomerism is being studied, and why is this important?

Accepted Answer

Enantiomerism; because enantiomers can have drastically different biological effects.

Question 14

Which of the following functional groups is acidic and releases $$H^+$$ ions in solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 15

Which functional group forms disulfide bridges that stabilize protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 16

A molecule contains both a carbonyl group ($$\u003eC=O) $$and a hydroxyl group ($$-OH) $$attached to the same carbon. What is this functional group called?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis and trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

Cis isomers have functional groups on the same side of a double bond, while trans isomers have them on opposite sides.

Question 18

Which functional group is most likely to be found in DNA and RNA and is involved in energy transfer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$^{2-})$$

Question 19

A molecule with the structure $$CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3 is an $$example of which type of hydrocarbon?

Accepted Answer

Straight-chain hydrocarbon

Question 20

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to be found in fats and oils, contributing to their hydrophobic nature?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($$-CH_3$)

Study Guide: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life (General Biology I)

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