Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for color: B (black) and b (brown). If the frequency of B is $$0.7$$ and the frequency of b is $$0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with inherited traits that are better suited to the environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

The constancy of species over time in the fossil record.

Question 3

Which equation is used to calculate allele frequencies in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 4

A population of beetles has two alleles for color: B (black) and b (brown). If the frequency of B is $$0.7$$ and the frequency of b is $$0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 6

Which scientist's experiments demonstrated that organic molecules could form under early Earth conditions, supporting the hypothesis of abiotic synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Stanley Miller

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why genetic drift has a greater effect in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Random changes in allele frequencies are more likely to significantly alter the gene pool.

Question 8

Which of the following is a postzygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 9

Which of the following statements about allopatric speciation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs when two populations are separated by a physical barrier, leading to genetic divergence.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to reduced genetic variation.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

The wing of a bat and the flipper of a whale

Question 13

Which of the following best defines adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

The rapid evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The increase in frequency of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

A species is a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about polyploidy?

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy is a common mechanism of speciation in plants.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why vestigial structures are considered evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

They are remnants of features that served important functions in ancestors.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

It shows a succession of organisms that have inhabited Earth over time, with many transitional forms.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow is the transfer of alleles between populations, which can increase genetic variation.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the significance of the breakup of Pangaea?

Accepted Answer

It led to geographic isolation and the diversification of species through allopatric speciation.

Study Guide: Evolution, Microevolution, and the History of Life (Chapters 22–25)

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