Question 1

In animals, fertilization is to zygote as meiosis is to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

gamete

Question 2

Privet shrubs and humans each have a diploid number of 46 chromosomes per cell. Why are the two species so dissimilar?

Accepted Answer

The two species have appreciably different genes.

Question 3

In diploid species, diploid cells may undergo either mitosis or meiosis. Haploid cells may undergo mitosis (for certain species), but not meiosis because

Accepted Answer

homologous chromosomes cannot pair.

Question 4

How and at what stage is independent assortment accomplished?

Accepted Answer

metaphase alignment during meiosis I

Question 5

Crossing over begins to occur during

Accepted Answer

prophase I

Question 6

In this cell, what phase is represented? (Image shows homologous chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate in pairs.)

Accepted Answer

meiosis I metaphase

Question 7

The graph below is based on data from the table; labels indicate the different phases of the meiotic cell cycle (MI = meiosis I; MII = meiosis II). Think carefully about the point on the graph where the line with the highest value begins to slope downward, indicated by the red arrow. What specific part of meiosis does this corner represent?

Accepted Answer

cytokinesis

Question 8

Based on these data, how much DNA is present in a gamete of Saccharomyces cerevisiae?

Accepted Answer

$$12\ \mu g$$

Question 9

Why does sexual reproduction (via meiosis) have an advantage over asexual reproduction (via mitosis)?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis increases genetic variation among offspring.

Question 10

The mosquito Aedes aegypti has a karyotype of $$2n = 6. $$Which diagram shows this?

Accepted Answer

a) (shows 3 pairs of chromosomes)

Question 11

The mosquito Aedes aegypti has a karyotype of $$2n = 6. $$Through independent assortment and recombination, how many chromosomal combinations can be made during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

many millions

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over occur only in meiosis I.

Question 13

A mutation occurs that prevents crossing over during meiosis. What is the most likely consequence for the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

They will be genetically identical to each other.

Question 14

If a diploid organism has a mutation that doubles its chromosome number but still undergoes normal meiosis, what will be the chromosome number in its gametes?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 15

Which event during meiosis contributes most directly to genetic variation in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Study Guide: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles (General Biology)

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