Question 1

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Viruses cannot reproduce independently without a host cell.

Question 2

A virus consists of which two basic structural components?

Accepted Answer

Capsid and nucleic acid

Question 3

If you swim in a lake with fish infected by a fish-specific virus, why is it unlikely you will become ill?

Accepted Answer

Fish viruses cannot infect human cells due to host specificity.

Question 4

Which of the following nucleic acids can be found as the genetic material in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Either DNA or RNA, which can be single- or double-stranded

Question 5

Which sequence correctly describes the steps of viral infection in a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Attachment, entry, replication, assembly, release

Question 6

Which statement best describes a prion?

Accepted Answer

A misfolded protein that can induce other proteins to misfold, causing disease

Question 7

How do prions cause disease in their hosts?

Accepted Answer

They convert normal proteins into abnormal, misfolded forms.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a prion-caused disease?

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 9

Which two domains include all prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 10

Rank the following from smallest to largest: prokaryotic cell, virus, eukaryotic cell.

Accepted Answer

Virus \u003c prokaryotic cell \u003c eukaryotic cell

Question 11

Which bacterial structure is primarily responsible for movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 12

What is the shape of the main DNA molecule in a prokaryote, and what is a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

Main DNA is circular; plasmid is a small, extra circular DNA molecule

Question 13

After binary fission, how do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

They are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the rate at which bacteria can reproduce under ideal conditions?

Accepted Answer

As quickly as every 20 minutes

Question 15

Bacteria reproduce by which process, and is it sexual or asexual?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; asexual

Question 16

What is the primary function of a sex pilus in bacteria, and how does it relate to antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

It transfers genetic material, such as plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes, between bacteria.

Question 17

Why are bacteria able to adapt and evolve more quickly than multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

They reproduce rapidly and can exchange genes through processes like conjugation.

Question 18

Which of the following best defines a capsid?

Accepted Answer

A protein shell that surrounds the viral genome

Question 19

Which bacterial shape is described as spherical?

Accepted Answer

Cocci

Question 20

A pandemic is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A disease outbreak that spreads across multiple countries or continents

Study Guide: Viruses, Prions, and Prokaryotes (Bio 101)

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