Question 1

Which of the following is a major advantage of cells being small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which type of microscopy would be most appropriate for observing the detailed internal structure of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 6

Which structure is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 7

What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste and macromolecules

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and are involved in cell movement.

Question 9

Which organelle in plant cells serves a similar function to lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 10

A mutation disrupts the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a liver cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area-to-volume ratio for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4 \pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$}$$

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal structure is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and no nucleus. What type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 14

Which organelle is the site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins for secretion

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why plant cells can maintain turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

The central vacuole stores water and exerts pressure against the cell wall.

Question 18

Which organelle is directly involved in the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts microtubule formation. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during mitosis

Study Notes: The Cell (BIO 121/ Campbell, Chapter 6)

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