Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT a part of the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism with cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and are 3 μm in diameter. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 4

A cell is observed to have a rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with ribosomes attached. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export or membrane insertion

Question 5

Which of the following organelles is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

A mutation prevents vesicles from fusing with the plasma membrane. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize functions.

Question 8

A plant cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. Which of the following is NOT a function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER – lipid synthesis

Question 10

A researcher is studying a cell with the following characteristics: DNA in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is being studied?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids, which are then transported to the Golgi apparatus for modification and sorting.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

A cell biologist observes that vesicles are forming by invagination of the plasma membrane. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion and contain hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 15

If a eukaryotic cell's Golgi apparatus is damaged, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Modification and sorting of proteins

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayers?

Accepted Answer

It provides extra protection for the cell's genetic material.

Question 17

A cell is observed to have extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of steroid hormones or lipids

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the endomembrane system for a protein destined for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the composition of a typical biological membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following cellular processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Transport of proteins to the Golgi apparatus

The Cell: Structure, Theory, and Types (Campbell Biology Chapter 6 Study Notes)

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