Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to form hydration shells around ions via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, a disease caused by a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions join monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis reactions break polymers by adding water.

Question 4

Which of the following functional groups is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group $$\left( -\mathrm{COOH} \right)$$

Question 5

A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6) $$and a molecule of fructose ($$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6) $$are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Isomers

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oil does not mix with water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is non-polar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with polar water molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids store genetic information in the sequence of their nucleotide monomers.

Question 8

A sodium atom ($$\mathrm{Na}) $$loses one electron to become $$\mathrm{Na}^+. $$What type of bond is most likely to form between $$\mathrm{Na}^+$$ and $$\mathrm{Cl}^- in $$table salt?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long chains of monomers linked by covalent bonds.

Question 10

A researcher adds a drop of an unknown liquid to a beaker of water. The drop remains intact and does not dissolve. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The unknown liquid is hydrophobic and non-polar, so it does not interact with water.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice that is less dense than liquid water.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological molecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 13

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C}_{16}\mathrm{H}_{32}\mathrm{O}_2. $$This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond in which electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the atoms.

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups is characteristic of alcohols and increases the solubility of organic molecules in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group $$\left( -\mathrm{OH} \right)$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, even though it is made of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the specific $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 17

A radioactive isotope of carbon, $$^{14}\mathrm{C}$$, is used in medical imaging. Which of the following statements about $$^{14}\mathrm{C} is $$correct?

Accepted Answer

$$^{14}\mathrm{C}$$ has more neutrons than $$^{12}\mathrm{C}$$ but the same number of protons.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together between complementary bases.

Question 19

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of reaction is responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange into bilayers with tails inward and heads outward.

The Chemical Basis of Life and Biological Molecules

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