Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

Where in a eukaryotic cell would you expect to find most of the cell's DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of an all-natural egg?

Accepted Answer

It contains amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, and water.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about atomic structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, electrons are found in shells.

Question 5

What is the atomic number of an element defined by?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons

Question 6

Which of the following elements is most abundant in the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 7

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom typically form?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

Question 9

Given the electronegativity values H = 2.1 and Cl = 3.0, what type of bond is formed in HCl?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent

Question 10

Which of the following molecules contains a non-polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 11

Which property of atoms determines their chemical reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Number of electrons in the outermost (valence) shell

Question 12

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges.

Question 14

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 15

A phosphorus atom can form how many covalent bonds in biologically relevant molecules?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is a $$polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the 'octet rule'?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of the polarity of biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

They have functional capabilities such as forming hydrogen bonds.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a reduction reaction?

Accepted Answer

An atom gains electrons.

The Chemical Context of Life: Atoms, Molecules, and Bonds in Biology

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