Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The conducting portion transports air but does not participate in gas exchange, while the respiratory portion is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 2

A patient suffers a severe injury that damages the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining their trachea. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to condition and clean inhaled air before it reaches the lungs.

Question 3

Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pleura of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The pleural cavity contains lubricating serous fluid to reduce friction during breathing.

Question 5

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for quiet inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 6

A person with a blocked right main bronchus would experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced airflow to the right lung, leading to decreased oxygenation of blood from that lung.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why pulmonary surfactant is critical for newborns?

Accepted Answer

It decreases surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents Boyle’s Law as it applies to pulmonary ventilation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the nasal conchae?

Accepted Answer

They condition the air by warming, humidifying, and cleaning it.

Question 10

A tumor is found in the oropharynx. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired swallowing and increased risk of food abrasion injury

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the bronchial tree is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bronchioles have a thick layer of smooth muscle and no cartilage.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

It consists of the plasma membrane of the alveolar type I cell, the plasma membrane of the capillary endothelial cell, and their fused basement membranes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a paranasal sinus and its location?

Accepted Answer

Frontal sinus – located in the frontal bone

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the left lung is smaller than the right lung?

Accepted Answer

The left lung must accommodate the position of the heart, resulting in the cardiac notch and impression.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of lymph flow from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary lymph nodes → Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes → Tracheobronchial lymph nodes → Bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

Sound production for speech

Question 17

During forced exhalation, which muscle group is primarily involved?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the bronchial tree?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Question 19

A patient with emphysema has difficulty with gas exchange. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of alveolar walls reduces surface area for gas exchange.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the development of the respiratory system in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory diverticulum forms during the fourth week and branches to form the respiratory tree.

The Human Respiratory System: Structure and Function

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