Question 1

Which type of reaction is responsible for the formation of starch from simple sugars such as glucose in cells?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Question 2

The primary structure of a protein is determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

Question 3

When proteins are heated, they usually denature. If moderate heat is applied to DNA, which bond would break first?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen bonds between nitrogen base pairs.

Question 4

Acidic R groups of amino acids are most likely to interact with which type of amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Basic amino acids

Question 5

Why does the shape of a protein change when it is heated, such as in egg whites?

Accepted Answer

Interactions between R groups change, resulting in a change in secondary structure.

Question 6

Which process is the reverse of dehydration synthesis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 7

A competitive athlete uses anabolic steroids to enhance performance. Which of the following is a reason sports organizations ban steroid use?

Accepted Answer

Steroids can cause negative health effects.

Question 8

If a protein is exposed to extreme pH, what is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature due to disruption of ionic and hydrogen bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing water.

Question 10

Which bond is responsible for holding together the two strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Egg whites solidify when cooked due to denaturation.

Question 12

Which of the following equations represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ Acid}_1 + \mathrm{Amino\ Acid}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Dipeptide} + H_2O$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why acidic and basic amino acids interact in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

They form ionic bonds due to opposite charges.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using anabolic steroids in sports?

Accepted Answer

Improved oxygen transport by red blood cells

Question 15

Which of the following best describes hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 16

If a DNA molecule is exposed to moderate heat, which of the following is most likely to occur first?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen bonds between base pairs will break.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of dehydration synthesis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Formation of polysaccharides from monosaccharides

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why some athletic records from the 1980s and 1990s are controversial?

Accepted Answer

Performance-enhancing drugs may have been used.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct representation of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Polymer} + H_2O \rightarrow \mathrm{Monomer}_1 + \mathrm{Monomer}_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to occur if a protein loses its tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

It will become denatured and lose its function.

The Molecules of Cells: Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

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