Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 2

A cube-shaped cell has a side length of 2 mm. What is its surface area to volume ratio? Use the formulas $$	ext{Surface Area} = 6a^2$ and $$	ext{Volume} = $$a^3$$, where $$a is $$the side length.

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which feature is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 4

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of mitochondria. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope

Question 5

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face outward toward the aqueous environment, while hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 7

Which specialized structure in prokaryotic cells helps them adhere to surfaces and exchange genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 8

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to synthesize steroids and lipids. Which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Question 9

Which structure in prokaryotic cells contains the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 11

A bacterial cell is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane. Which type of cell wall does it most likely possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of embedded proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate communication and transport across the membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the capsule (glycocalyx) in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection against desiccation and immune response

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 15

A cell is observed to have an internal membrane system that increases its surface area for photosynthesis. Which type of cell is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell with plasma membrane folds

Question 16

Which of the following statements about cell theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 17

Which property of a microscope determines how close two objects can be and still be distinguished as separate?

Accepted Answer

Resolution

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support and protection

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a basic structure found in all prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

A scientist stains a bacterial cell and observes a thick outer layer outside the plasma membrane. Which structure is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Capsule (glycocalyx)

The Organization of Cells: Structure and Function in General Biology

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