Question 1

Which of the following best describes the significance of the Miller-Urey experiment in the study of the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated that organic molecules could form spontaneously under conditions thought to resemble those of early Earth.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the reducing atmosphere hypothesized for early Earth?

Accepted Answer

High levels of oxygen gas ($$O_2)$$

Question 3

The compartmentalization of cells in eukaryotes is significant because it:

Accepted Answer

Allows for increased subcellular specialization and complexity.

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the increase in atmospheric oxygen levels as shown in the oxygen graph over geological time?

Accepted Answer

Oxygenic photosynthesis by cyanobacteria

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the breakup of supercontinents such as Pangea influenced the evolution of life?

Accepted Answer

It caused reproductive isolation, leading to speciation.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Apis mellifera

Question 7

Which of the following statements about endosymbiosis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are thought to have originated from purple sulfur bacteria.

Question 8

Which of the following events occurred during the Cambrian period?

Accepted Answer

Rapid diversification of multicellular life forms in the ocean

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct hierarchical order for the classification of the Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ribozymes in early life?

Accepted Answer

They are RNA molecules with enzymatic functions, possibly the first genetic material.

Question 11

Which of the following is a plausible reason why multicellularity led to increased complexity in organisms?

Accepted Answer

It allowed for cell specialization and differentiation into tissues.

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct result of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic diversity through meiosis and crossing over

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the classification of organisms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The polynomial system is still widely used today.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why living things have higher levels of carbon-12 ($$^{12}C) $$compared to non-living things?

Accepted Answer

Living things selectively incorporate $$^{12}C$$ during carbon fixation.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the successful colonization of land by plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

Dependence on aquatic environments for all life stages

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya are the three domains.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effect of plate tectonics on biological evolution?

Accepted Answer

Plate movements can cause reproductive isolation, leading to speciation.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a eukaryotic supergroup and a member?

Accepted Answer

Opisthokonta – Eastern Gray Squirrel

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the 200-million-year lag between the origin of photosynthesis and the rise of atmospheric oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen produced was initially absorbed by iron and other reduced compounds.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3$$

The Origin and Diversity of Life: Study Notes for General Biology II

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