Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which polymers are broken down into monomers in the human digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance and experiences discomfort after consuming dairy products. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this patient, and what type of bond does this enzyme break?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; glycosidic bond

Question 3

Which of the following statements about starch and cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both are composed of glucose monomers, but only starch can be digested by humans due to its $$\alpha$$ glycosidic linkages.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 5

A scientist is studying a molecule with the following structure: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. What type of molecule is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide; storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A$$ pairs with $$T$$ and $$G$$ pairs with $$C$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more harmful than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats are produced by hydrogenating unsaturated fats, creating trans double bonds that increase cardiovascular risk.

Question 9

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which disease is most likely to result from this change, and what is the consequence at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell disease; red blood cells aggregate and deform

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 11

Which of the following interactions is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms

Question 12

A researcher isolates a macromolecule that is insoluble in water and consists mainly of hydrocarbon chains. Which class of biological molecule does this most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is indigestible to most animals, including humans?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages that cannot be hydrolyzed by human enzymes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why high fevers can be life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures cause proteins to denature, losing their functional shape.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeleton, while a ketose has it within the skeleton.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules (Chapter 5 Study Notes)

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드