Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans, while starch can be?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of β-glucose monomers linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which human enzymes cannot hydrolyze, while starch is composed of α-glucose monomers linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds, which human enzymes can hydrolyze.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is crucial in the synthesis of which of the following biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid and its role in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group attached to glycerol, forming a bilayer with hydrophobic tails inward and hydrophilic heads outward.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct representation of the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of proteins that cannot be performed by carbohydrates or lipids?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Ester linkage

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature while saturated fats are solid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have double bonds that create kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing tight packing.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct description of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 9

Which of the following statements about glycogen is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide in animals, stored mainly in liver and muscle cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Cis fatty acids have hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond, causing a bend, while trans fatty acids have them on opposite sides, resulting in a straighter chain.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Major energy storage molecule

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in the reactions they catalyze?

Accepted Answer

The three-dimensional structure of an enzyme allows it to recognize and bind only specific substrate molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Joining two amino acids to form a dipeptide and releasing a water molecule

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Chitin provides structural support in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Question 15

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and possibly quaternary structures

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the diversity of macromolecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

A huge variety of polymers can be built from a small set of monomers.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not composed of monomers linked by covalent bonds in a repeating pattern.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of consuming a diet high in trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to plaque deposits in arteries

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks called monomers.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

The bond formed between two glucose molecules during the synthesis of maltose

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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