Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers to form polymers by removing a water molecule, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 3

A polysaccharide that serves as a major structural component in plant cell walls is:

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 4

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, making it indigestible to most animals?

Accepted Answer

Beta (\beta) 1-4 linkage

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the biological molecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with high cholesterol, which is a type of steroid. What is the primary structural feature of steroids?

Accepted Answer

A backbone of four fused carbon rings

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming the lipid bilayer of cell membranes

Question 8

A diet high in saturated fats is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Which structural feature distinguishes saturated from unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following equations represents the general formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$ where n is typically 3-7

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the formation of a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction

Question 11

Which polysaccharide is used by animals for energy storage and is highly branched?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

Chitin is found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi. What is the monomeric unit of chitin?

Accepted Answer

N-acetylglucosamine

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why lipids are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

They consist mostly of hydrocarbon regions, which are nonpolar.

Question 14

A scientist adds phospholipids to water and observes the formation of a bilayer. What property of phospholipids leads to this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the inability of human enzymes to hydrolyze \beta-glycosidic linkages in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose passes through the digestive tract as insoluble fiber.

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is NOT correctly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose – stores genetic information

Question 17

Trans fats are produced during the hydrogenation of vegetable oils. What is a health risk associated with trans fats?

Accepted Answer

They contribute more to cardiovascular disease than saturated fats.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct multi-step reasoning about the role of glycogen in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored in liver and muscle cells; when blood sugar drops, hydrolysis of glycogen releases glucose for energy.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are long molecules consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked by covalent bonds.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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