Q: Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides composed of glucose monomers. Why can most animals digest starch but not cellulose?

Animals lack enzymes that hydrolyze the $$eta$$ linkages in cellulose.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration (condensation) reaction in the synthesis of polymers?

Accepted Answer

It joins two monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides composed of glucose monomers. Why can most animals digest starch but not cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Animals lack enzymes that hydrolyze the $$eta$$ linkages in cellulose.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate: monosaccharide

Question 4

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the fatty acid and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Ester linkage

Question 5

Which statement about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form the major component of cell membranes.

Question 6

A patient has a mutation that changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of hemoglobin, resulting in sickle-cell disease. Which level of protein structure is directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 12

Which of the following bonds is responsible for linking nucleotides together in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 13

Which of the following is a major function of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy and insulating the body

Question 14

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure is the unique sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Question 15

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a glycosidic linkage?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support for the cell walls of fungi

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Properties that arise from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a pentose sugar.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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