Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are large molecules made by joining together many monomers.

Question 2

During the digestion of starch in the human body, which type of chemical reaction occurs to break down the polymer into glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer-polymer pair?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide - Carbohydrate

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder that prevents the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following statements about catabolism and anabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Question 6

How many molecules of water are required to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is composed of 10 monomers?

Accepted Answer

$$9$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made from monomers joined by dehydration synthesis.

Question 8

A person with lactose intolerance lacks the enzyme to break down lactose, a disaccharide. Which type of bond must be hydrolyzed for lactose digestion?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Serving as fuel and building material

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A polar head group and two fatty acid tails

Question 11

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains.

Question 12

A person is following a diet low in carbohydrates. Which of the following is a potential risk associated with this diet, based on the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Elevated triglyceride levels

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that creates polymers from monomers by removing water

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a medical condition related to carbohydrate metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-gal allergy caused by tick bites

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is difficult for most animals to digest?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of $$\beta-$$glucose monomers linked by $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds, which most animals lack enzymes to break.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a component of cell membranes and a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between micronutrients and macronutrients?

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients are needed in large amounts and include carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids; micronutrients are needed in small amounts and include vitamins and minerals.

Question 18

Which of the following bonds is formed during the synthesis of a fat molecule?

Accepted Answer

Ester bond

Question 19

A scientist is studying a molecule composed of a long chain of glucose units. Which of the following best describes this molecule?

Accepted Answer

It is a polysaccharide.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) in cholesterol transport?

Accepted Answer

HDL removes cholesterol from plaque and transports it to the liver.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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