Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not made from monomers linked in a chain, but are assembled from smaller molecules like glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is essential in the formation of which of the following biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of glucose monomers joined by $$\alpha 1-4 $$glycosidic linkages, while cellulose is composed of glucose monomers joined by $$\beta 1-4 $$glycosidic linkages.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that results in a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a phospholipid and its role in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has two hydrophobic fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic phosphate head, forming a bilayer that separates the cell from its environment.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose, even though it is made of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze $$\beta 1-4 $$glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.

Question 7

A scientist is analyzing a sample of nucleic acid and finds it contains uracil, ribose sugar, and is single-stranded. Which type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of proteins that is NOT performed by carbohydrates or lipids?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions as enzymes

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis adds a water molecule to break a bond between monomers in a polymer.

Question 10

A diet high in trans fats is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Which process creates trans fats from unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the role of complementary base pairing in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that each new DNA molecule is an exact copy of the original by pairing A with T and G with C.

Question 13

A researcher is studying a protein that has lost its function after being exposed to high heat. What is the most likely explanation for this loss of function?

Accepted Answer

The protein has denatured, losing its three-dimensional structure.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of two or more polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of protein structure to function?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid change in hemoglobin causes sickle-cell disease, altering red blood cell shape and function.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{protein}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of chitin in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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