Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the synthesis of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which a monomer donates a hydroxyl group and another donates a hydrogen atom, forming water and joining the monomers.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a polymer made from monomers?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

A polysaccharide composed of $$eta (1$ightarrow4) $$glucose monomers is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 4

Which statement about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They form the main component of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid chains are straight and can pack closely together.

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in the enzyme that hydrolyzes glycogen in the liver. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The release of glucose into the bloodstream during fasting.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of $$	ext{alpha}$$ glucose monomers, while cellulose is composed of $$eta$$ glucose monomers.

Question 8

Which of the following molecules is NOT classified as a lipid?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 9

A protein is denatured when:

Accepted Answer

Its three-dimensional structure is disrupted, but its primary sequence remains intact.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy and structural support

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the diversity of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A small number of monomers can combine in many ways to create a large variety of macromolecules.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of phospholipids in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face the aqueous environment, while the hydrophobic tails are oriented inward.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its function?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – provides structural support in plant cell walls

Question 16

A triglyceride is formed by joining:

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol via dehydration synthesis

Question 17

Which of the following statements about unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of chitin?

Accepted Answer

A polysaccharide that provides structural support in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletons of arthropods.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes that hydrolyze $$eta (1$ightarrow4) $$linkages in cellulose.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules: Study Notes

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