Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why lipids are not considered true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are not formed from repeating, similar monomer units like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is essential in the synthesis of biological polymers. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed, allowing two monomers to form a covalent bond.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose, even though it is a polymer of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to hydrolyze the $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that results in a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 6

A triglyceride is formed by joining three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule. What type of bond is formed between the fatty acid and glycerol?

Accepted Answer

Ester linkage

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails

Question 8

During the hydrolysis of a disaccharide, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added, breaking a glycosidic bond.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 10

A researcher is studying a molecule with the following structure: a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. This molecule is a:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch has $$\alpha$$ glycosidic linkages, making it helical, while cellulose has $$\beta$$ glycosidic linkages, making it straight and unbranched.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 13

A diet high in trans fats is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Which process creates trans fats from unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 15

Which of the following interactions is NOT involved in the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 16

A scientist is comparing the genomes of two related species. Which field of study is she using?

Accepted Answer

Genomics

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a denatured protein is usually biologically inactive?

Accepted Answer

Its three-dimensional shape is lost, preventing it from binding to its target molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about chitin?

Accepted Answer

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a phosphodiester linkage?

Accepted Answer

A bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another in nucleic acids

Question 20

A patient with a fever of 41°C (105.8°F) is at risk of death primarily because:

Accepted Answer

High temperatures denature proteins, disrupting essential cellular functions.

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

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