Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It removes a water molecule to form a covalent bond between monomers.

Question 2

A patient is unable to digest starch but can digest sucrose and lactose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cellulose and starch is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is composed of beta glucose monomers, while starch is composed of alpha glucose monomers.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why lipids are insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

They are composed mostly of hydrocarbon chains, making them hydrophobic.

Question 5

A triglyceride is formed by joining which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural basis of cell membranes

Question 7

A protein is exposed to high heat and extreme pH. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The protein will denature, losing its three-dimensional structure and function.

Question 8

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 9

Hemoglobin is a protein composed of four polypeptide subunits. Which level of protein structure does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 11

A DNA molecule contains 30% adenine. According to base pairing rules, what percentage of thymine would you expect in this DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$30\%$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 13

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA is usually single-stranded, while DNA is usually double-stranded.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why humans cannot digest cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages in cellulose.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 16

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin. Which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein may misfold, leading to diseases such as sickle-cell anemia.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of consuming a diet high in trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to plaque buildup in arteries

Question 19

Which of the following bonds is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water, while their hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Chapter 5 AP bio

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