Question 1

Which process describes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 2

During translation, which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 3

If a polypeptide is 100 amino acids long, how many nucleotides are required to code for it, including the stop codon?

Accepted Answer

$$303$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A set of rules by which nucleotide sequences are translated into amino acid sequences

Question 5

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar component?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 6

Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 7

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 9

What is the outcome if a mutation deletes a single nucleotide from the coding region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 10

Which statement best explains why the genetic code is considered redundant?

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-life example of a mutation that can be beneficial to an organism?

Accepted Answer

A mutation conferring resistance to malaria

Question 12

Which process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA processing (splicing, capping, polyadenylation)

Question 13

Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 14

What is the function of a promoter region in DNA?

Accepted Answer

It signals where transcription should begin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a mutagen?

Accepted Answer

A factor that increases the rate of mutation

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of substitution mutation?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 17

What is the correct sequence of events in gene expression from DNA to protein in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → RNA processing → Translation

Question 18

Which of the following best explains how four RNA nucleotides can specify 20 different amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Codons are groups of three nucleotides, allowing for $$4^3 = 64$ possible codons

Question 19

Which type of mutation is responsible for sickle-cell disease?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 20

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is correct?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes RNA from a DNA template

Transcription, Translation, and Mutations: The Flow of Genetic Information

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