Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A collection of heart cells can pump blood, even though individual cells cannot.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the flow of energy and cycling of matter in ecosystems is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows through ecosystems and is eventually lost as heat, while matter cycles.

Question 3

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of fertilizer.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback regulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Sweating to cool the body when body temperature rises.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 6

Which of the following domains contains only prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Both Bacteria and Archaea

Question 7

A carbon atom has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14. How many neutrons does this isotope of carbon have?

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Accepted Answer

8

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, creating partial charges.

Question 9

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat with little temperature change?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 4. How does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to a solution with a pH of 7?

$$	ext{[H}^+	ext{]} = 10$$^{-	ext{pH}$$}$$

Accepted Answer

It is 1,000 times higher.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about carbon is true and explains its versatility in forming large, complex molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because its hydrogen bonds are longer and form a lattice.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a trace element required by humans?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Predicting that all mammals have hair because every mammal observed so far has hair.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are well-suited to form cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 20

A protein's function can be affected by changes in its structure. Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Unit 1 General Biology Study Guide: Foundations, Chemistry, Water, and Macromolecules

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