Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A functioning heart pumping blood, which cannot be accomplished by individual heart cells alone.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

The domains Bacteria and Archaea contain prokaryotic cells, while Eukarya contains eukaryotic cells.

Question 3

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The type of fertilizer used.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$ \rightarrow $$ RNA $$ \rightarrow $$ proteins

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback regulation in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.

Question 6

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 7

Given an atom with atomic number 8 and mass number 18, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$18 - 8 = 10$$ neutrons

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are longer and more stable, creating a lattice that decreases density.

Question 9

Which property of water allows it to move upward through the vessels of a plant against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water; hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature.

Question 13

Which of the following is a trace element required by humans and often added to table salt to prevent deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about gene expression is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression involves the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules have polar covalent bonds, allowing them to form hydration shells around ions and polar molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

All observed swans are white; therefore, all swans are white.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons are responsible for the chemical properties and bonding behavior of an atom.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about natural selection is correct?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection results in future generations resembling the most successful individuals in a population.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing DNA; prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Unit 1 General Biology Study Guide: Introduction, Chemistry, Water, and Biomolecules

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