What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

a. an R-group and a hydroxyl group
b. an amino group and a hydroxyl group
c. an amino group and a carboxyl group

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the central carbon in an amino acid, which is also known as the alpha carbon.

Recognize that each amino acid has a specific side chain known as an R-group attached to the central carbon.

Understand that in addition to the R-group, there are two other groups attached to the central carbon: an amino group and a carboxyl group.

Recall that the amino group is characterized by the presence of nitrogen (typically NH2), and the carboxyl group contains a double-bonded oxygen and an OH group (COOH).

Conclude that the correct answer must include both an amino group and a carboxyl group attached to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

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주요 개념

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Amino Acids

Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom (the alpha carbon) bonded to four different groups: an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R-group (side chain) that determines the specific properties of the amino acid.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In amino acids, the two key functional groups are the amino group (-NH2), which acts as a base, and the carboxyl group (-COOH), which acts as an acid, allowing amino acids to participate in various biochemical processes.

Peptide Bond Formation

Peptide bonds are covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form proteins. This bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water in a dehydration synthesis reaction. Understanding this process is crucial for grasping how amino acids combine to create polypeptides and ultimately proteins.