Draw and label the plasma membrane of a cell that is placed in a solution with concentrations of calcium ions and lactose that are greater than those on the inside of the cell. Use arrows to show the relevant gradients and the activity of the following membrane proteins:
(1) A pump that exports protons
(2) A calcium channel
(3) A lactose carrier

검증된 단계별 안내

Begin by drawing the basic structure of the plasma membrane, which consists of a phospholipid bilayer. Represent the hydrophilic heads facing outward towards the extracellular space and the cytoplasm, and the hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Label the extracellular space and the cytoplasm on either side of the membrane. Indicate that the concentration of calcium ions and lactose is higher in the extracellular space compared to the cytoplasm.

Draw and label the proton pump. Use an arrow to show the direction of proton export from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space, indicating active transport against the concentration gradient.

Draw and label the calcium channel. Use an arrow to show the passive movement of calcium ions from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm, following the concentration gradient.

Draw and label the lactose carrier protein. Use an arrow to show the facilitated diffusion of lactose from the extracellular space into the cytoplasm, following the concentration gradient.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

영상 길이:

도움이 되었나요?

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Plasma Membrane Structure

The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis. The bilayer's hydrophobic interior prevents free passage of ions and polar molecules, necessitating transport proteins for facilitated movement.

Ion Channels and Pumps

Ion channels and pumps are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of ions across the plasma membrane. Channels allow passive transport following concentration gradients, while pumps actively transport ions against gradients using energy, often from ATP. This is crucial for maintaining ion balance and membrane potential.

Carrier Proteins

Carrier proteins are specialized membrane proteins that transport specific molecules across the cell membrane. They bind to the molecule, undergo a conformational change, and release it on the other side. This process can be passive, following concentration gradients, or active, requiring energy input for transport against gradients.